Certainty and science

A scientific theory is and is always open to if new evidence is presented. That is, no theory is ever considered strictly as science accepts the concept of .The philosopher of science  sharply distinguished truth from certainty. He wrote that scientific knowledge "consists in the search for truth," but it "is not the search for certainty ... All human knowledge is fallible and therefore uncertain.

New scientific knowledge rarely results in vast changes in our understanding. According to psychologist it may be the media's overuse of words like "breakthrough" that leads the public to imagine that science is constantly proving everything it thought was true to be false. While there are such famous cases as the  that required a complete reconceptualization, these are extreme exceptions. Knowledge in science is gained by a gradual synthesis of information from different experiments by various  across different branches of science; it is more like a climb than a leap Theories vary in the extent to which they have been tested and verified, as well as their acceptance in the scientific community. For example, and still bear the name "theory" even though, in practice, they are considered Philosopher adds that, although the best definition for is contested, being and entertaining the possibility that one is incorrect is compatible with being correct. Ironically, then, the scientist adhering to proper scientific approaches will doubt themselves even once they possess the. The argued that inquiry is the struggle to resolve actual doubt and that merely quarrelsome, verbal, or is fruitless but also that the inquirer should try to attain genuine doubt rather than resting uncritically on common sense. He held that the successful sciences trust not to any single chain of inference (no stronger than its weakest link) but to the cable of multiple and various arguments intimately connected.